Tal y como comentábamos en anteriores artículos y siguiendo las sugerencias de muchos de nuestros lectores, ofrecemos un directorio completo de recursos en código abierto, relacionados con la investigación neurológica y las Resonancias Schumann.
Lo que denominamos Tecnología Biopotencial, está siendo objeto de investigación en abierto por diferentes desarrolladores en el marco de la iniciativa sourceforge.net.
Seguidamente exponemos algunas de las principales iniciativas y recursos existentes para investigadores en la materia:
1.-Biocomputadores de señal ELF: Interacción emociones-interface.
- Biofeedback Device Schematics
- Portable Biofeedback Devices
- Biopotential Measurement Theory
- Digital Signal Processing Theory
- Biofeedback/Neurofeedback Theory
- Brainwave Entrainment Resources
- Human Computer Interfacing Resources
- Affective Computing Resources
- Context-Aware Computing Resources
- Electromagnetics Resources
- ESP and PSI Resources
Dispositivos EEG y ECG (Electroencefalograma y Electrocardiograma).
- EEG – Electroencephalograph Schematics
- ECG – Electrocardiogram Schematics
- EMG – Electromyrograph Schematics
- GSR – Galvanic Skin Response Schematics
- Respiration Monitor Schematics
- Mind Machine (Light and Sound) Schematics
- Other Miscellaneous Schematics
EEGs y Electroencefalografía.
- Biosemi
- Amplifiers for bioelectric events: a design with a minimal number of parts – This article includes a schematic for a low-noise multi-channel EEG that uses only 3 op-amps, 6 resistors, and two capacitors per channel. Frequency response is 0.2-40 Hz and CMMR is 136 dB.
- A Low-Noise, Low Power Multichannel Amplifier Design – This article includes a schematic for an 8-channel EEG. Frequency response is 0.1-100 Hz and CMMR is 80 dB. Multiple modules can be connected to make a 32-channel EEG.
- Brainmaster
- Brainmaster Schematics – These are Tom Collura’s freeware build specs for the Brainmaster EEG. These specs are based on the Motorola 68HC11EVBU evaluation board which is no longer available and difficult to find. I have heard that Axiom 68HC11 boards can be used as an alternative. The amplifier is based on AD620 instrumentation amps and OP90 op-amps. Frequency response is 1.7-34 Hz and CMMR is 110 dB. Unfortunately the firmware and PC software is no longer available.
- OpenEEG Project – This is a project to develop a low-cost EEG for < $100. There is a discussion group about this project here.
- ModularEEG – This design is a 2-channel EEG with RS232 PC interface. It uses an AT90S4433 microcontroller for ADC and a differential amp based on INA114 instrumentation amps and TLC277 op-amps. The input stage is modeled after (or influenced by) the Biosemi designs, with some modifications. Data is sent to the PC over the RS232 data lines (RX/TX). This is the most recent and sophisticated of the OpenEEG designs.
- RS232EEG – This is an older version of a 2-channel EEG with RS232 PC interface. It uses an AT90S4433 microcontroller for ADC and a differential amp based on INA114instrumentation amps and TLC272 op-amps. Data is sent to the PC over the RS232 data lines (RX/TX). The firmware rom image and source code are included in the download file.
- ComEEG – This is a lower cost 1-channel EEG with RS232 PC interface. This one uses no microcontroller, it sends pulses to the PC over the RS232 handshake lines (RTS/CTS). It uses a differential amp based on INA114 instrumentation amps and OPA2604 op-amps. ADC is implemented with 555 timers. It includes a 7555 timer for calibration circuit. The PC must be run in DOS only mode to disable interrupts in order to achieve proper timing.
- ComADC – This is another low cost 1-channel EEG with RS232 PC interface. It also uses no microcontroller and sends pulses to the PC over the RS232 handshake lines (RTS/CTS). There is no differential amp, signals are fed into a 555 timer based PWM circuit. The PC must be run in DOS only mode to disable interrupts in order to achieve proper timing.
- GamePortEEG – This is another low cost EEG that sends signals to the PC via the game port. It uses a differential amplifier. There doesn’t seem to be much info about this design.
- Joerg’s Home Page – This is Joerg Hansman’s home page for download of the OpenEEG schematics and firmware. Joerg is the designer of all of this fancy OpenEEG hardware.
- Design of a multi-purpose biofeedback machine – This document describes an multi-parameter biofeedback system based on a Texas Instruments MSP430F149 microcontroller andADS1252 analog/digital converters. There are no schematics in this document.
- ElectricGuru EEG Software – This is Rob Sachs’ Windows software that uses FFT to do spectral analysis of the EEG data. It apparently works with the RS232EEG and ModularEEG designs above. This is binary executable only, the source code is not available.
- Eagle Layout Software – You need this software to look at the OpenEEG schematics above. Low volume orders of boards can be done at PCBexpress, they accept Eagle format CAD files.
- Atmel DevTools – These are the development tools for Atmel AVR 8-bit RISC microcontrollers. Atmel microcontrollers and flash tools can be ordered online from Digikey. They also have most of the instrumentation amps, operational amps, and other parts. A schematic for a programmer’s cable is here if you want to make your own.
- Circuit Cellar
- HAL-4 EEG – Circuit Cellar designed a low cost EEG using the ubiquitous 8031 microcontroller. The amp section is built using six TL084 op-amps. Singals are digitized usingADC08008 A/D converters. Frequency response is 4-20 Hz and the firmware is set up with 64 Hz sampling. There used to be a kit for sale at Creative Concepts, but it’s no longer available. Apparently the original PCB design file was lost. There is a manual that shows the schematics, and there is a newsgroup for HAL-4 fans. Some people have improved on this design to achieve better band width and sampling rates.
- Other EEG Schematics
- Meissner Research – Jim Meissner improved on the HAL-4 design and was able to achieve better frequency band width and sampling rates. He used a 68HC11 board from New Micros. There are tons of free development tools and info about 68HC11 on the web. Jim posted his EEG firmware source and some sample EEG recorded data here. Jim also invented the Brain State Synchronizer and some interesting meditation speakers.
- Bernd Porr – Here’s an EEG preamp and filter circuit that uses AMP01 instrumentation amp and NE5532 op-amps. He uses a TIL111 opto-coupler. He also has an interesting Java-based EEG viewer that connects to a C++ server via socket connections.
- Two-channel data logger for quantitative EEG recording while driving – This document describes a 2-channel portable EEG built using an 87C552 microcontroller and AD620instrumentation amps. Band width is 0.1-40 Hz, sampling is 128 Hz, and it does 10-bit resolution A/D conversion. There are no schematics in this document. There is another document describing this system here.
- How to Build a Lie Detector, Brain Wave Monitor and Other Secret Parapsychological Electronics Projects – This book has plans for a simple EEG that uses 741C and N5556 (signetics) op-amps. The brain wave signals feed into an audio tone generator, and thresholds can be set with a potentiometer. It also has an auxilliary output for a chart recorder. The book seems to be out of print, but the plans and schematics are here.
- A CMOS IC for Portable EEG Acquisition Systems – This short document describes the design of a an EEG into a single CMOS IC that consumes 520 uA power. This single IC contains 16 instrumentation amplifiers, analog multiplexer, programmable gain amplifier, auto-calibration circuitry, and a digital computer interface.
MM.-Mind Machines:
- Brain Wave Machine
- Build Your Own Light and Sound Machine
- The Brain Wave Lab
- PCM MindWave
- Mind PICkLer Light and Sound Machine
- The Flicker
- Mind Machine Bibliography
Sensores:
- Electrodes
- The Electrode Store
- Etrode Electrodes
- Medtronic Electrodes
- Neuromedical Supplies Online Catalog
- Flextrodes Pasteless Electrodes
- QuickCap EEG Positioning System
- Electro-Cap International
- Biosemi EEG Active Electrodes
- J&J Neuroamp EEG Active Electrodes
- Cardio Sensors
- ADI Instruments Pulse Transducer
- ADI Instruments Cardio Microphone
- Vernier EKG Sensor
- Vernier Exercise Heart Rate Monitor
- Biopac Cardio Sensors
- Respiration Sensors
- ADI Instruments Respiratory Belt Transducer
- Vernier Respiration Monitor Belt
- Biopac Respiratory Effort Transducer
- GSR and Temp Sensors
- ADI Instruments Skin Temperature Probe
- Thermochron Temperature Logging iButton
- Biopac GSR and Temp Sensors
- Other Sensors
- Harvard Biocience
- Thought Technology Intelligent Sensors
- SLP Physiological Sensors
- Sleepmate Sensors
- Skill Technologies Real-Time Motion Analysis
- The Motion Monitor
- MicroStrain VirtualCorset
- Aura 6000/Coggins Camera
- Amplifiers
- Sensor Interfaces
- Data Acquisition
- National Instruments (LabView)
- MathWorks (Matlab)
- Scientific Solutions (Labmaster)
- Instrutech
- Axon Instruments
- Dataq
- B&B Electronics
- Prairie Digital
- PicoTech PC Based Oscilloscopes
- Opto-Isolators
Dispositivos portátiles:
- Brainmaster – 2-Channel, 1.6-40 Hz ($975-$1225)
- Lexicor POD – 2-Channel, 0.5-32 Hz ($992)
- Lexicor NRS-2D – 2-Channel, 0.5-32 Hz ($1295)
- WaveRider CEO – 1-Channel, 0.5-40 Hz ($545)
- WaveRider Jr – 2-Channel, 0.5-40 Hz ($950)
- WaveRider Pro – 4-Channel, 0.5-40 Hz ($1700)
- ProComp – 8-Channel (2 EEG), 0-40 Hz ($3500)
- NeuroDyne RealTimeEEG – 2-channel, 4-18 Hz ($1900)
- Aleph1 EEG Analyser – 1-Channel, 4-30 Hz (1400 GPB)
- MOE Aplha Detector Plus – 1-Channel, 4-16 Hz ($295)
- MOE EEG3 – 1-Channel, 1-30 Hz ($534)
- Alpha Theta Trainer – 1-Channel, 4-12 Hz ($1595)
- Biofeedback Instruments P665 – 1-Channel, 2-40 Hz ($725)
- E2 Personal Neurofitness Trainer – 1-Channel, 4-20 Hz, ($725)
- CEO Cognitive Efficiency Organizer – 1-Channel, 2-40Hz ($600)
- CyberLink – 3-channel (EEG/EOG/EMG) ($1995)
- IBVA Brainwave Visual Analyzer – 1-2 Channel, 0-60Hz ($1300-$2300)
- Mind Mirror III – 2-Channel, 0.75-38 Hz ($3500)
- Neurofile NT Mobil – 24-Channel
- EPAS 24/32 – 24-32-Channel
Biopotential Measurement Theory
- Fundamentals of Electrophysiological Monitoring
- Handbook of Medical Informatics
- Real Time Holter Monitoring of Biomedical Signals
- High Quality Recording of Bioelectric Events: Interference Reduction Theory
- Bioelectronics Project Laboratory: Reference Handouts
- The Nyquist Frequency Fable
- Very Low Voltage, Micropower Amplifiers: Choosing and using them
- The Isolation Mode Rejection Ratio in Bioelectric Amplifiers
- A System Designer’s Guide to Isolation Devices
- Electromagnetic Interference and Patient Isolation
- Patient Isolation in Multichannel Bioelectric Recordings
- Applications of Opto Couplers
- Design a 60Hz Notch Filter with the UAF42
- The configuration of the power supply in battery-powered front-ends
- Surface Electrodes for Biopotential Measurement
- Low-cost Active Electrode Improves the Resolution in Biopotential Recordings
- Resources for Sensors, Measurements, Instrumentation and related Sciences
- System for Collecting and Processing Bio-Metric Signals in Natural Situations
- Bio-Engineering Animations
EEG Signal Measurement
- Amplifying, Digitizing, and Recording the EEG
- Principles of Electricity and EEG Data Acquisition
- The Measurement, Interpretation, and Use of EEG Frequency Bands
- Biofeedback from EEG frequency bands
- A Guide to Electrode Selection, Location, and Application for EEG Biofeedback
- Effects of Electrode Placement
- Scalp electrode impedance, infection risk, and EEG data quality
- The International 10-20 System
- Brodmans’s Areas & 10-20 Interface by Function
- Lightpowered Active Sensor System with integrated Signalprocessing
- A wireless infrared link for a 16-channel EEG telemetry system
ECG Signal Measurement
- Case Study of an Intelligent ECG Monitor
- Ground-Free ECG Recording with Two Electrodes
- Low-Power, Low-Voltage IC Choices for ECG System Requirements
- Electrocardiogram Leads
- Block Diagram of ECG Data Acquisition System
EMG Signal Measurement
GSR Signal Measurement
Respiration Measurement
- Real Time Feedback: Is it real?
- The Scientist and Engineer’s Guide to Digital Signal Processing
- Signal treatment applied to Clinical Neurophysiology
- Digital Processing of Affective Signals
- Signal Processing Information Base
- Adaptive Signal Processing
- Information Metaphors
- A Tutorial on Fast Fourier Transforms
- The FFT Demystified
- Fast Fourier Transforms
- FFTW C Subroutine
- Public Domain FFT Code
- Fast Fourier Spectral Analysis of Human Emotions
- General Biofeedback Resources
- EEG – Neurofeedback Resources
- ECG – Electrocardiography Resources
- EMG – Electromyography Resources
- GSR – Galvanic Skin Response Resources
- Biofeedback Journals and Reference
- Biofeedback Discussion Groups
General Biofeedback Resources
- What is Biofeedback?
- Biofeedback History and Uses
- Biofeedback: Review, History and Application
- Biofeedback Technology: A Prospectus
- Biofeedback: Lots of Guns
- Clinical Neurophysiology: Techniques
- Biological feedback of brain and muscle activity
- Transforming The Mind
- Biofeedback and the Human Energy Field
- Energetic Anatomy
EEG – Neurofeedback Resources
- General EEG Information
- EEG Biofeedback FAQ
- EEG Biofeedback General FAQ
- EEG Course and Glossary
- EEG Biofeedback Myths
- Practical Issues Concerning EEG Biofeedback
- The Scientific Basis of Neurofeedback Training
- A Study of Recent Advances in Electroencephalography
- Applications of Small Brainwave Machines
- EEG Interpretation
- The Measurement, Interpretation, and Use of EEG Frequency Bands
- Classification of Electroencephalogram (EEG) Signals
- Quantitative EEG and Neurotherapy Fact Sheet
- Identifying Reactive & Interactive Alpha
- Event Related Brain Potentials
- A similarity approach to the analysis of brain wave patterns
- Neural Networks for Classification and Pattern Recognition of Biological Signals
- Parallelization of Neural Network Training for On-line Biosignal Processing
- Code for Neural Networks and Reinforcement Learning
- EEG data processing with neural networks
- Local Neural Classifier for EEG-based Recognition of Mental Tasks
- Neuroheuristic Research Group
- EEG Database
- EEG Brain Mapping
- Areas of Fuctional Localization in the Brain
- Functional Map of the Brain
- Mapping the Brain
- Internet Resources on EEG Brain Mapping
- Human Brain Mapping and Cortical Imaging Laboratory
- EEG Treatment Articles
- Biofeedback for Meditative States
- EEG Biofeedback for Attention Deficit Disorder
- EEG Biofeedback: A New Treatment Option For ADD/ADHD
- Neurofeedback for ADD/ADHD and Learning Disabilities
- ADHD: Brainwave Biofeedback for Focus and Concentration
- Images of Attention Deficit Disorder
- Patient-Directed Neurofeedback For ADHD
- ADD/ADHD Biofeedback Home Training
- Alpha Assymetry Protocol in Treatment of Depression
- Neurofeedback and Substance Abuse Theory
ECG – Electrocardiography Resources
EMG – Electromyography Resources
GSR – Galvanic Skin Response Resources
- Intro to GSR
- The GSR Meter Course
- The Bilateral Meter Course
- Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) Analysis
- Differences in Galvanic Skin Response and Pulse Through Different Survey Settings
- Sensory-Motor Learning and Electro-Dermal Activity
- Skin Physiology
- Sweaty Palms
- How Sweat Works
- FDA GSR Draft Guidance
Biofeedback Journals and Reference
- Journal of Neurotherapy
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Journal of Neurorehabilitation and Neurorepair
- Neuroguide: Neurosciences on the Internet
- Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology
- International Journal of Bioelectromagnetism
- Annals of Biomedical Engineering
- IEEE Biomedical Engineering
- Biomedical Engineering Society Newsletter
- Computers in Biology and Medicine
- Computers in Cardiology
- Laboratory of Biomeasurements
- Brain and Mind Magazine
- Gifts for Brain Geeks
Biofeedback Discussion Groups
- Biofeedback & Neurofeedback eGroup
- Biofeedback Neurofeedback Profession/Practitioners
- QEEG and Neurofeedback
- EEG and Cognitive Neuroscience Alert
- Neurofeedback in the Media
- Biofeedback In Schools
- BioPsy Webzine
- ADD/ADHD Bulletin Board
- Brain Child
- The OpenEEG Project
- MIND-L List
- Brain Wave Generator
EEG Computer Interfaces
- Beyond the Big Barrier
- Machines That Read Minds
- Brain Computer Interface
- Brain Fingerprinting: A New Paradigm in Criminal Investigations
- CATE EEG Brain Research
- Controlling Computers with EEG Signals
- EEG-based Computer Interface
- Experiments with an EEG-based Compter Interface
- Human Interface with Bio-Signals (EEG/EOG)
- Translation of EEG Components into Device Control Signals
- Toward a P300-based Computer Interface
- Design and Implementationof an EEG based Virtual Keyboard using hidden Markov Models
- EEG based Brain Compter Interface for Cursor Control
- Research That Uses Brain, Not Brawn, to Move a Cursor
- The Mind Mouse
- Brain Wave Recognition of Words
- SBA Research: Adaptive Brain Interface
- The LF-ASD Brain Computer Interface
- Researchers harness brain power to control jets
- Playing a Music Synthesizer with EEG Control
- Brainball: the game where you score goals with your brain
- A brain-computer interface for playing «Pong»
- Brain Wave Directed Amusement Device
- EEG-based control for human-computer interaction
- Brain-Computer Interfaces For Communication And Control
- Using Virtual Reality to Extend Brain Computer Interfaces
- EEG based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)
- Prosthetic Control by an EEG-based Brain Control Interface (publications)
- A practical EMG-based human-computer interface for users with motor disabilities
- Electromyography Based Human-Computer-Interface
- The EHW Controlled Prosthetic Artificial Hand Project
- NeuroGym EMG Trainer
- Impedance Adaptive Controller of the Human Arm
- Extension of the Human Senses
- The Desire to Be Wired
- Head Start
- Mind Readings
- Plugging Into the Brain
- Restoring Lost Connections
- The Neurochip
- Caltech scientists devise first neurochip
- The Nerve Chip: technology development for a chronic neural interface
- Controlling Computers With Neural Signals
- Neural Signals Enables Paralyzed Patients to Control Computers
- Computer uses cat’s brain to see
- INTER: Intelligent Neural Interface
- Direct Brain Interface Project
- High Density Cortical Electrode Arrays
- Neural Recording Devices
- FreeHand System Implants
- The Brain Communicator
- Sensory Augmentation
- Neuroprosthesis Related Research Projects
- Wearable with Physiological Sensors
- Medical Shoe: Biofeedback Shoe Inlay
- Affective Jewelry and other Affective Accessories
- Ring Sensor: Continuous Wireless Health Monitoring
- Galvactivator: Glove Senses How Excited You Are
- Expression Glasses: Detect Facial Expressions
- Conductor’s Jacket: Biofeedback in Art and Music
- A Real-Time Head Nod and Shake Detector
- A Finger-Mounted, Direct Pointing Device for Mobile Computing
- Computer-User Frustration Detection via PressureMouse
- Affective Wearables
- Wearable interfaces for real-time interactive music
- Wearables (active clothing)
- Wearable and Automotive Systems for the Recognition of Affect from Physiology
- Intelligent Biofeedback using an Immersive Competitive Environment
- Research on Affective Pattern Recognition and Modeling
- Signal Processing for Recognition of Human Frustration
- Challenges of Ambulatory Affect Sensing
- The Sensing and Measurement of Frustration with Computers
- Emotion Sensitive Human Interfaces
- Emotion in Speech
- Computers that Recognize and Respond to User Emotion
- Recognition of Emotional and Cognitive States Using Physiological Data
- Toward Emotional Intelligence: Analysis of Affective Physiological State
- Computer Character that Expresses Emotion using the Synchronization Model
- Human-Computer Coupling
- Think-feel and Know-act
- Predicting Daily Behavior Via Wearable Sensors
- Rosalind Picard: MIT Affective Computing Research Group
- Affective Computing: Picard Research Index
- Affect Analysis Group at University of Pittsburgh
- Face and Emotion Perception Research Group
- Positive Emotions and Psychophysiology Laboratory
- Child Emotion Laboratory
- LeDoux Lab: Emotion, Memory, and the Brain
- Emotion Research – The X Lab
- Psi Studies
- Theories on the Physical Basis of Psi
- Psychological Correlates of Psi Cognition
- Neural Networks, Brainwaves, And Ionic Structures
- Psi Research and the Human Brain’s «Reserve Capacities»
- Vigilance Theory and Psi. Part I: Ethological and Phylogenetic Aspects
- EEG and SPECT Data of a Selected Subject during Psi Tasks
- The emergence of Paraphysics during the scientific era: 1970 to present
- Subtle Connections: Psi, Grof, Jung, and the Quantum Vacuum
- Secrets of Telepathy
- Synthetic Telepathy and the Early Mind Wars
- Occultopedia: Clairaudience
- Michael Persinger: Psi Explorer
- This is Your Brain on God
- The Neurology of Spiritual Experiences
- Shakti Experiment
- The Parapsychology FAQ
- How To Enhance Psychic Powers
- Active Psy
- Psionics Devices
Impresionante documentacion,espero que algunos con esto ,vean las cosas de otra manera a como lo estaban haciendo.
Gracias por la impresionante relación. He estado conectando con los enlaces, y he observado que una gran mayoría no están activos.
Lo que más me sorprendió fue que el último Psionics Devices, que estaba activo y consultable por la mañana, por la tarde me daba error. ¿Podría ser que alquien haya estado «jugueteando» con esos enlaces para hacerlos inoperativos?
Si es posible, me gustaría poder volver a conectar con Psionics Devices. Si alguien sabe como hacerlo, ya que no he podido encontrarlo.
Gracias
Parece que sistemáticamente los van censurando a medida que se les da difusión. Un consejo: Descargar los contenidos cundo los veáis y volvedlos a difundir, ya que se trata de GNU. Licencias de Open Source.
No dejéis que desaparezcan los recursos de GNU de Internet.